Nov 11, · Five centuries after his death, Christopher Columbus remains a mysterious and controversial figure. Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece all claim the celebrated navigator and explorer as one of their own, yet there are few accurate records pertaining to Columbus' personal life and identity. Years of speculation suggest that most stories about him are probably based on legend Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria! This great sailor and navigator crossed the ocean blue, and into the New World. But the relationship between the explorer and the natives is troubling The SS Christopher Columbus was an American excursion liner on the Great Lakes, in service between and She was the only whaleback ship ever built for passenger service. The ship was designed by Alexander McDougall, the developer and promoter of the whaleback design.. Columbus was built between and at Superior, Wisconsin, by the American Steel Barge Company
Sample book report on christopher columbus
The SS Christopher Columbus was an American excursion liner on the Great Lakesin service between and She was the only whaleback ship ever built for passenger service. The ship was designed by Alexander McDougallthe developer and promoter of the whaleback design. Columbus was built between and at Superior, Wisconsinby the American Steel Barge Company. Initially, she ferried passengers to and from the World's Columbian Exposition.
Later, she provided general transportation and excursion services to various ports around research christopher columbus lakes. At feet mthe ship was the longest whaleback ever built, and reportedly also the largest vessel on the Great Lakes when she was launched. The history of the Columbus is linked with that of the whalebacks, an innovative but not widely accepted ship design of the late s, and of their designer, Alexander McDougall.
A Scottish immigrantGreat Lakes captaininventor [5] and entrepreneur, McDougall developed the idea of the whaleback as a way to improve the ability of barges to follow a towing vessel in heavy research christopher columbus. Waves thus broke across their hulls with considerably less force than when striking a conventional hull.
Water could also flow around the rounded turrets which resembled gun turrets on contemporary warships; the superstructure and deckhouses were mounted on these turrets. After McDougall was unable to persuade existing shipbuilders to try his designs, research christopher columbus, he founded the American Steel Barge Company in Superior, Wisconsin inand built them himself.
McDougall actively promoted his design and company by sending the SS Charles W, research christopher columbus. Wetmore to London, and starting another shipyard in Everett, Washingtonwhich research christopher columbus the SS City of Everett.
The Columbusconceived as an elaborate ferrywas intended to demonstrate that the whaleback design would work well in passenger service, research christopher columbus, [1] [5] and would be able to travel at high speed.
The job was undertaken at McDougall's American Steel Barge Company works in Superior, Wisconsin, starting in the fall of The hull framing, which included nine bulkheadswas completed on September 13, The ship's propulsion mechanisms were next installed, consisting of a single four-bladed, foot 4 m diameter, foot 6 m pitch propellerthe two reciprocating triple-expansion steam engines with three cylinders of research christopher columbus 66 cminch cm and inch cm diameters in a common frame with a inch cm stroke manufactured by Samuel F.
of DetroitMichiganresearch christopher columbus, and six steel tubular return Scotch boilersfoot 3 m diameter by foot 4 m longbuilt by Cleveland Shipbuilding Company. The ship was launched on December 3,after which two superstructure decks were mounted on the turrets along the centerline of her hull to afford access to her two internal decks, one in the turrets and one in the hull below.
She was fitted out over the remainder of late and early Electric lighting was used, and she was elegantly furnished. Her grand saloon and skylighted promenade deck contained several fountains and a large aquarium filled with trout and other fish of the lakes.
The cabins and public spaces were fitted out with oak paneling, velvet carpets, etched glass windows, research christopher columbus, leather furniture and marble.
Shops and restaurants were provided for the passengers. McDougall's American Steel Barge Company had committed in the contract that the Columbus would be built and delivered in three months, making her one of the fastest-built large ships of her time.
The builders further promised rapid loading and unloading, predicting that the vessel would be able to embark 5, passengers in five minutes, research christopher columbus, and disembark the same passengers in even less time. The Research christopher columbus was specified to be able run the 6 miles 10 km from the dock downtown to the fairgrounds at Jackson Park and 64th Street in 20 minutes.
McDougall set up another holding company, the Columbian Whaleback Steamship Company of Duluth, Minnesotato own and operate the Columbus. She was commissioned on May 13, Her first captain was John McArthur, who had captained other whalebacks for McDougall's firms, research christopher columbus, starting with the first powered research christopher columbus, the Colgate Hoytbuilt in McDougall was quoted as having said to McArthur, "There is your steamboat; take her down to Chicago and make a success of her.
McArthur did just that. A contemporary souvenir booklet called her "the greatest marine wonder of its time", [1] and another publication dubbed her the "Queen of the Lakes. The Columbus carried between 1. McArthur went on to captain other whalebacks including the Frank Rockefellerwhich became the SS Meteorthe only whaleback surviving today. After the exposition ended the Columbus entered passenger service, and an additional deck third superstructure, fifth total was added during the — winter season, research christopher columbus.
Bythe last whalebacks had been built in Superior: the Alexander McDougall in the last powered shipand the John Smeatonthe last whaleback barge, research christopher columbus. The American Steel Barge Company research christopher columbus sold to the American Ship Building Companybecoming their Superior Works, and switched to more conventional laker designs, research christopher columbus.
In the Columbus was leased to and operated by the Goodrich Transit Line, [20] [21] whose steamer Virginia had been a perennial racing rival. The Columbus remained with the Goodrich line for several years.
Although she was used for excursions elsewhere around the Great Lakes, her regular schedule was a daily trip to Milwaukee, leaving Chicago mid-morning, sailing to Milwaukee for a two-hour stopover, and then returning see advertisement right.
Columbus had at least three accidents. Research christopher columbus June she suffered an explosion caused by a steam pipe becoming disconnected while she was underway.
The collision happened in Milwaukee while she was being maneuvered by tugs away from her dock. The Milwaukee River research christopher columbus caught her, research christopher columbus, spinning her sideways, and her bow sheared off two legs of the Yahr-Lang Drug Company's water tower, toppling it and flooding Columbus' decks with about 25, US gallons 95, l.
The collision killed 16 passengers and severely damaged her pilot house, putting her out of service for the rest of the year. The Columbus was one of the first ships to be fitted with an on-board radioinstalled bywhen she was allocated the call letters "KC".
Inthe SS Eastland capsized while docked in the Chicago River, with the loss of over lives. Officials subsequently ordered many passenger ships to undergo stability testing, which the Columbus passed easily. Even research christopher columbus 7, sandbags simulating passengers piled on one side, and tugboats pulling in that direction, she listed only 12 degrees.
The Columbus was taken out of research christopher columbus inand changed hands twice during the Great Depressionin and again in SS Christopher Columbus carried 1. One of her anchors, the design of which was patented by McDougall on February 3,research christopher columbus, [35] is displayed at the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. US Great Lakes excursion liner — SS Christopher Columbus A painting by Great Lakes marine artist Howard Sprague showing the ship in white liveryresearch christopher columbus, as she appeared in Main article: Whaleback.
Moored at Rush Street Bridge on Chicago River, research christopher columbus. Passing under a lift bridge in Milwaukee, Wisconsincirca Stern view at the Goodrich docks, ChicagoIllinois. Fall American Heritage Publishing. ISSN OCLC Archived from the original on September 29, research christopher columbus, Retrieved August 31, Archived from the original on Retrieved March 25, Historical Collections of the Great Lakes. Bowling Green State University. Retrieved August 18, Note: follow URL, then search by vessel name "Christopher Columbus" to find page with stats cited.
Maritime History of the Great Lakes. About the Great Lakes, research christopher columbus. Archived from the original on October 5, research christopher columbus, Research Resources. Marine Museum of the Great Lakes at Kingston. Retrieved definition 65, Whaleback. Steam Navigation and Its Relation to the Commerce of Research christopher columbus and the United States. Toronto: Montreal News Company. Google books has images of those pages in the chapter entitled The Turret Steamship.
Retrieved on Wetmore arrives". Washington State online history encyclopedia. Sea Classics. Retrieved November 9, Archived from the original on November 25, History of the Steamboat. Archived from the original on October 28, Retrieved October 16, The Book of the Fair Cygne Noir ed.
The Bancroft Company, Publishers. The Dream City: a portfolio of photographic views of the World's Columbian Exposition. by Halsey C. Louis, Missouri: N. Thompson Publishing Co. The Finest Excursion Steamer in America".
Christopher Columbus for Kids
, time: 14:31The Truth About Christopher Columbus | Fox News
Mar 29, · Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and navigator. In , he sailed across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain in the Santa Maria, with the Pinta and the Niña ships alongside, hoping to Christopher Columbus, navigator and admiral whose four transatlantic voyages (–93, –96, –, and –04) opened the way for European exploration of the Americas. He has long been called the ‘discoverer’ of the New World, although Vikings had visited North America five centuries earlier Christopher Columbus (/ k ə ˈ l ʌ m b ə s /; born between 25 August and 31 October , died 20 May ) was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the blogger.com expeditions, sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, were the first European contact with the
No comments:
Post a Comment